Ernest Bloch - String Quartets Nos. 1-4 (Griller Quartet)

Information

Composer: Ernest Bloch

• CD1: String Quartets Nos. 1 & 3
• CD2: String Quartets Nos. 2 & 4

Griller Quartet

    Sidney Griller, violin

    Jack O'Brien, violin

    Philip Burton, viola

    Colin Hampton, cello

Date: 1954

Label: Decca

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Review

Ernest Bloch’s five string quartets are among the finest of the past century. The Griller Quartet recorded the first four in 1954, and incredibly, this is the first CD reissue of a set considered definitive at the time–one that has only gained in stature since, aided by the mystique of its unavailability. Also inexplicable is the relative absence of the quartets from concerts and recordings, although the Portland Quartet recorded all five for Arabesque, as did the Pro Arte Quartet for Laurel. The Grillers, at the time England’s leading string quartet, met the composer in connection with a 1937 London BBC concert of his First Quartet; they became Bloch’s friends after moving to California in 1949. They premiered Bloch’s last three quartets, were the dedicatees of his Third Quartet, and the composer helped them prepare his works for concerts and supervised these recordings.

Bloch wrote his First Quartet in 1916 at age 36, in the midst of World War I and his emigration from his native Switzerland to the U.S. It’s a massive work, nearly one hour long, its four movements encompassing a wide emotional range. The searching first movement’s drama seems almost tame alongside the furious second-movement “Allegro frenetico”, whose angular rhythms and wild ride to the brutally abrupt ending flank a slow, quiet section whose muted, ominous mood fades into eerie violin harmonics. There’s a dreamlike pastorale whose middle section is a vigorous, folk-like dance, followed by a long final movement that closes in a mood of resignation.

Bloch’s Second Quartet dates from 1945, and it’s hard not to read the anguish of yet another world war into its expressionistic aspects, dramatic conflicts, and driving rhythms. The Grillers are magnificent here, but in the haunting Andante movement they outdo themselves, perfectly capturing what I can only call “relaxed intensity”, an oxymoron that for once makes sense. At 23-plus minutes, the concise 1952 Third Quartet is the shortest of the four. It shares a sense of Beethovenesque struggle with Bloch’s other quartets, but it also offers a glimpse of the “American” Bloch in a third movement that includes a Western hoedown. The Fourth, written a year later, is bursting with energy and hairpin turns, moving from vigorously driven to peacefully quiet sections, this time with forays into atonal and 12-tone passages.

It’s a pity that the Grillers never recorded Bloch’s Fifth and last quartet, written in 1956, for their performances here are nothing short of superb. The ensemble is well balanced, the four instrumental strands perfectly audible; there’s a sense of “rightness” to every phrase, and we’re never in doubt about the players’ intense identification with the music. The 1954 recording was good in its day and sounds even better in this transfer, with a visceral impact freed from noisy LP pressings. Only a touch of the original’s graininess and occasional harshness in the violin’s tone in loud, high-lying passages betray its age. This set is a must-have. [8/30/2004]

— Dan Davis

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Ernest Bloch (July 24, 1880 – July 15, 1959) was a Swiss-born American composer known for blending post-Romantic and neoclassical styles with Jewish musical themes. He studied in Switzerland and Belgium, taught at the Geneva Conservatory, and moved to the U.S. in 1916. Bloch became the first director of the Cleveland Institute of Music and later led the San Francisco Conservatory. He taught at UC Berkeley until retiring in 1952. Bloch's compositions, influenced by Debussy, Mahler, and Ravel, include Schelomo, Baal Shem, Avodath Hakodesh, Concerto Grosso No. 1, and Israel Symphony, among others.

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The Griller Quartet was a British ensemble active from 1931 until around 1961/63. Known for its wide-ranging repertoire, it premiered works by composers like Ernest Bloch, Darius Milhaud and Arnold Bax. The group was in residence at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1949 to 1961. Early in its career, it recorded Elizabeth Maconchy's oboe quintet and premiered Arnold Cooke's first string quartet. The Quartet performed at notable events like the Three Choirs Festival and collaborated with musicians such as Clifford Curzon and William Primrose. It recorded extensively for Decca Records in its later years.

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